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h02: Scoping

ready?	assigned	due	points
true	Thu 04/20 09:30AM	Mon 04/24 09:30AM

You may collaborate on this homework with AT MOST one person, an optional "homework buddy".

MAY ONLY BE TURNED IN IN THE LECTURE/LAB LISTED ABOVE AS THE DUE DATE,
OR IF APPLICABLE, SUBMITTED ON GRADESCOPE. There is NO MAKEUP for missed assignments;
in place of that, we drop the three lowest scores (if you have zeros, those are the three lowest scores.)

Reading: Scoping, PS 10.2

According to Savitch in PS9, the scope resolution operator :: and the dot operator . have a similar purpose, but there is a major difference between them.
1. (5 pts) What do they have in common?
2. (5 pts) What is the difference between them?
In a class for an object representing a UCSB student:
1. (5 pts) Would setPerm be an accessor or a mutator function? Circle one: accessor mutator
2. (5 pts) Would getName be an accessor or a mutator function? Circle one: accessor mutator
(5 pts) What does the term encapsulation refer to?

(5 pts) According to Savitch in PS9, it is normal practice to make member functions private in what circumstance?

On p. 579 and then again on p. 586 Savitch drives home a point about the syntax of invoking a constructor—what you SHOULD do when invoking a no-arg constructor, and what you should NOT do. Though he doesn't mention it, this is a "trap" that many C++ learners fall into if they learned Java first, because this is a place where C++ and Java syntax differ significantly.
Suppose you have a no-arg constructor for a class Student.
1. (5 pts) What is the correct syntax to declare a local variable inside a function or method called s that is of type Student, and is created with the no-arg constructor?
2. (5 pts) What is the "wrong" syntax for doing that same thing that Savitch specifically warns against doing?
3. (5 pts) In one of the passages where this is explained, Savitch indicates WHY this other syntax is wrong if your intention is to make s an instance of class Student. This syntax actually has a completely different meaning in C++. What does this alternate syntax mean—that is, what would s be declared to be under this alternate syntax?}
```
private:
   int perm;
   std::string name;
```
(5 pts) Suppose you have a class Student with private data members as shown in the box at right. You could write a constructor like this:
```
Student::Student(int thePerm, std::string theName) {
   perm = thePerm;
   name = theName;
}
```
However, there is an alternate way to initialize data members in the so called "constructor initialization section" described in Section 10.2 of PS9. Rewrite this constructor so that the body is an empty set of braces, and the code is moved to the so-called "constructor initialization section". (Note that I am not referring to the C++11 member initializers described on pp 587-588; this is a feature that has been in C++ for many years and is described somewhere before p. 587.)